{"id":991,"date":"2023-08-07T15:30:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-07T13:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/?p=991"},"modified":"2023-08-07T17:17:43","modified_gmt":"2023-08-07T15:17:43","slug":"historia-istanbulu-ako-to-vsetko-zacalo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/?p=991","title":{"rendered":"Hist\u00f3ria Istanbulu &#8211; ako to v\u0161etko za\u010dalo?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"991\" class=\"elementor elementor-991\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6fd1da5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6fd1da5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f956727\" data-id=\"f956727\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c578bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9c578bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hist\u00f3ria Istanbulu, jedn\u00e9ho z najikonickej\u0161\u00edch miest \u013eudskej civiliz\u00e1cie, je <b>fascinuj\u00facim pr\u00edbehom, ktor\u00fd steles\u0148uje triumfy, s\u00fa\u017eenia a premeny mesta<\/b>. Mesto, ktor\u00e9 bolo\u00a0<b>srdce troch ve\u013ek\u00fdch imp\u00e9ri\u00ed <\/b>\u2013 V\u00fdchodor\u00edmskej r\u00ed\u0161e, R\u00edmskej r\u00ed\u0161e a Osmanskej r\u00ed\u0161e a <b>jeho vznik znamenal zlom v priebehu dej\u00edn<\/b>. Formoval osud stredomorsk\u00e9ho sveta a zanechal nezmazate\u013en\u00e9 dedi\u010dstvo, ktor\u00e9 dodnes uchvacuje na\u0161u predstavivos\u0165. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa pozrieme na\u00a0<b>p\u00f4vod Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopolu, jeho zalo\u017eenie a vzostup na v\u00fdslnie.<\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-071d2ee elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"071d2ee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4653058\" data-id=\"4653058\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c9930f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3c9930f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"719\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-08-07-at-12.46.31-e1691407300387.jpg?fit=768%2C719&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-995\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-08-07-at-12.46.31-e1691407300387.jpg?w=768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-08-07-at-12.46.31-e1691407300387.jpg?resize=300%2C281&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-08-07-at-12.46.31-e1691407300387.jpg?resize=64%2C60&amp;ssl=1 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">poh\u013ead na historick\u00fa peninsulu - \u010das\u0165 Fatih<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9ba07bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9ba07bb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c65751e\" data-id=\"c65751e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a99266f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a99266f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 ez-toc-wrap-left-text counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Obsah \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #000000;color:#000000\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/?p=991\/#Grecke_Obdobie\" >Gr\u00e9cke Obdobie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/?p=991\/#Rimske_Obdobie\" >R\u00edmske Obdobie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/?p=991\/#Konstantinovo_Mesto\" >Kon\u0161tant\u00ednovo Mesto<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/?p=991\/#Neskorsie_Rimske_obdobie\" >Neskor\u0161ie R\u00edmske obdobie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/?p=991\/#Byzantske_Hlavne_Mesto\" >Byzantsk\u00e9 Hlavn\u00e9 Mesto<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/?p=991\/#Suboj_civilizacii\" >S\u00faboj civiliz\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Grecke_Obdobie\"><\/span>Gr\u00e9cke Obdobie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c85b12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c85b12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2a23818\" data-id=\"2a23818\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f601cdc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f601cdc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Pod\u013ea legendy,<\/b> ktor\u00fa vyrozpr\u00e1val r\u00edmsky historik Tacitus, ve\u0161tec z Delphi prik\u00e1zal <b>Megaranom postavi\u0165 mesto \u201enaproti zemi slep\u00fdch\u201c<\/b>. Toto sa t\u00fdkalo <b>obyvate\u013eov Chalced\u00f3nu, ktor\u00ed zalo\u017eili svoje mesto v\u00fdchodne od Bosporu\u00a0<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/?p=552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(dne\u0161n\u00fd Kad\u0131k\u00f6y)<\/a>, zatia\u013e \u010do z\u00e1padn\u00e1 strana sa zdala by\u0165 ove\u013ea lep\u0161\u00edm miestom.\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Zakladate\u013eom mesta bol \u00fadajne mu\u017e menom Byzas<\/b>, ktor\u00fd v roku <b>658 pred Kristom pri\u0161iel z Megary s osadn\u00edkmi z vlastn\u00e9ho mesta<\/b>. Mesto sa stalo <b>s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou Achajmenovskej r\u00ed\u0161e v roku 513 pred Kristom,<\/b> ke\u010f kr\u00e1\u013e <b>Darius I. Ve\u013ek\u00fd pre\u0161iel do Eur\u00f3py.<\/b>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Po perzsk\u00fdch vojn\u00e1ch<\/b> (490, 480 \u2013 479 pred Kristom) sa <b>Byzancia stala demokratick\u00fdm mestom a \u010dlenom at\u00e9nskeho D\u00e9lianskeho spolku.\u00a0<\/b>Po\u010das druhej polovice I\u00f3nskeho povstania (protiperzsk\u00e9 povstanie v Malej \u00c1zii) v\u0161ak Byzancia zmenila strany.<\/p><p>K boji o \u00fazemie sa pridal aj <b>maced\u00f3nsky kr\u00e1\u013e Filip II<\/b>. <b>(otec Alexandra Ve\u013ek\u00e9ho)<\/b>, ktor\u00fd v roku <b>340 pred Kristom obliehal Byzanciu<\/b> a ne\u010falek\u00fd Perinthus, ale <b>c\u00favol,<\/b> ke\u010f Achajmenovsk\u00e1 r\u00ed\u0161a energicky zareagovala op\u00e4tovn\u00fdm vyslan\u00edm arm\u00e1d do Eur\u00f3py. <b>Byzant\u00ednci verili, \u017ee dostali bo\u017esk\u00fa pomoc od Hekat\u00e9,<\/b> a <b>za\u010dali na svojich minciach pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 jej symboly: hviezdu a polmesiac \u2013 symboly, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v Turecku st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9.<\/b><\/p><p>Byzancia si <b>zachovala \u010das\u0165 svojej nez\u00e1vislosti<\/b> v helenistickom veku, hoci <b>dotovali galatsk\u00e9 kmene<\/b> (keltsk\u00ed \u013eudia \u017eij\u00faci v Gal\u00e1tii, regi\u00f3ne strednej Anat\u00f3lie obklopuj\u00facej dne\u0161n\u00fa Ankaru, po\u010das helenistick\u00e9ho obdobia), <b>ktor\u00e9 sa s\u0165ahovali z Eur\u00f3py do \u00c1zie<\/b>. Ke\u010f sa Byzant\u00ednci pok\u00fasili kompenzova\u0165 t\u00fdm, \u017ee <b>po\u017eadovali peniaze od t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed sa plavili cez Bospor, Rhodos vyhl\u00e1sil v roku 220 pred Kristom vojnu <\/b>a<b>\u00a0Byzancia bola don\u00faten\u00e1 ust\u00fapi\u0165<\/b>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fb901aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fb901aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-889d1c5\" data-id=\"889d1c5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-749db64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"749db64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"605\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Historia-Istanbulu-Byzas.jpg?fit=605%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-994\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Historia-Istanbulu-Byzas.jpg?w=605&amp;ssl=1 605w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Historia-Istanbulu-Byzas.jpg?resize=202%2C300&amp;ssl=1 202w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Historia-Istanbulu-Byzas.jpg?resize=40%2C60&amp;ssl=1 40w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 605px) 100vw, 605px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">podobize\u0148 Byzasa z Megary pod\u013ea Mary Evans <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3197ba9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3197ba9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-89f3b54\" data-id=\"89f3b54\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc1784 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dcc1784\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rimske_Obdobie\"><\/span>R\u00edmske Obdobie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e0b6b3e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e0b6b3e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b8eea75\" data-id=\"b8eea75\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50355de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"50355de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pod\u013ea R\u00edma bola <b>Byzancia mestom na konci Via Egnatia, ve\u013ekej cesty, ktor\u00fa Rimania postavili od Jadransk\u00e9ho mora cez Maced\u00f3nsko k Bosporu<\/b>. Byzancia bola d\u00f4sledne <b>naklonen\u00e1 R\u00edmu<\/b> a bola uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 ako d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd spojenec. Mesto bolo v tom \u010dase <b>ve\u013ek\u00e9 asi ako Pompeje<\/b>, medzi <b>hradbami \u017eilo asi 15 000 \u013eud\u00ed<\/b> a pribli\u017ene rovnak\u00e9 mno\u017estvo to\u013eko \u013eud\u00ed \u017eilo na vidieku.<\/p><p><b>Cis\u00e1ri mali mesto v ob\u013eube<\/b> &#8211; v severnej \u010dasti mesta boli postaven\u00e9 <b>r\u00edmske k\u00fapele<\/b>, st\u00e1l tu <b>maj\u00e1k<\/b> (zn\u00e1my len z minc\u00ed; a <b>Hadri\u00e1n<\/b> (117-138) <b>pre mesto postavil akvadukt,<\/b> ktor\u00fd sa dnes vol\u00e1 po cis\u00e1rovi, ktor\u00fd pamiatku opravil, zn\u00e1my <b>Valensov akvadukt<\/b>.\u00a0<\/p><p>V posledn\u00fd de\u0148 roku <b>192 bol zavra\u017eden\u00fd cis\u00e1r Commodus<\/b> a 1. janu\u00e1ra 193 sen\u00e1t uznal star\u00e9ho gener\u00e1la Pertinaxa za nov\u00e9ho p\u00e1na r\u00edmskeho sveta. Ctihodn\u00fd mu\u017e bol v\u0161ak zabit\u00fd a <b>medzi<\/b> <b>Septimiusom Severom \u2013 ktor\u00fd okam\u017eite obsadil Taliansko<\/b> \u2013 a <b>Pescenniusom Nigerom v S\u00fdrii a Anat\u00f3lii, vypukla vojna.\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p><b>Severus poslal dve najv\u00fdchodnej\u0161ie l\u00e9gie do Byzancie,<\/b> ale ke\u010f dorazili, zistili, \u017ee <b>Byzancia sa postavila na stranu Pescennia Nigera<\/b>. Ke\u010f sa v\u0161ak Severus osobne objavil na sc\u00e9ne, <b>Pescennius ust\u00fapil<\/b> a Severusovi vojaci mohli prejs\u0165 do \u00c1zie.<\/p><p><b>Byzancia bola zajat\u00e1 v d\u00f4sledku hladomoru a cel\u00e9 mesto bolo zni\u010den\u00e9.\u00a0<\/b>Nesk\u00f4r Severus o\u013eutoval svoju tvrd\u00fa politiku a <b>mesto sa rozhodol prestava\u0165 a\u00a0<\/b>v roku 203 boli prestavan\u00e9 aj mestsk\u00e9 hradby. Na <b>severov\u00fdchode modern\u00e9ho Istanbulu je st\u00e1le vidite\u013en\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 m\u00farov.<\/b>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>N\u00e1mestie Tetrast\u00f4n<\/b> (dne\u0161n\u00e9 n\u00e1mesti medzi Hagia Sofia a Sultanahmet Cami) bolo tie\u017e <b>svedkom v\u00fdstavby Zeuxippov\u00fdch k\u00fape\u013eov<\/b> a &#8211; \u010do by kame\u0148om dohodil &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/?p=695\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hipodromu<\/a><b>.<\/b> Boli prestavan\u00e9 <b>chr\u00e1my, divadlo a amfite\u00e1ter na v\u00fdchodnom svahu akropoly; na z\u00e1padnom svahu bola postaven\u00e1 telocvi\u010d\u0148a<\/b>. Prestavba trvala nieko\u013eko rokov a <b>mesto bolo dokon\u010den\u00e9 a\u017e za vl\u00e1dy Severusovho syna a n\u00e1stupcu.\u00a0<\/b>Mesto sa dokonca aj kr\u00e1tko volalo Antonina pod\u013ea cis\u00e1rovho ofici\u00e1lneho mena.<\/p><p><b>V 260. rokoch napadlo Balk\u00e1n<\/b> nieko\u013eko kme\u0148ov, ktor\u00e9 sa s\u00fahrnne naz\u00fdvali <b>G\u00f3ti<\/b>. Jedn\u00e9mu kme\u0148u, <b>Herulianom, sa podarilo doby\u0165 Byzanciu v roku 267<\/b>. O dva roky nesk\u00f4r cis\u00e1r <b>Claudius II. rozhodne porazil \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkov, \u010do si v Byzancii pripomenuli postaven\u00edm st\u013apu G\u00f3tov <\/b>(st\u013ap sa dnes nach\u00e1dza v G\u00fclhane parku).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d6e5140 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d6e5140\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-532f586\" data-id=\"532f586\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6aab40a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6aab40a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"790\" height=\"766\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Historia-Istanbulu-Septimus-Severus.jpg?fit=790%2C766&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1000\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Historia-Istanbulu-Septimus-Severus.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Historia-Istanbulu-Septimus-Severus.jpg?resize=300%2C291&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Historia-Istanbulu-Septimus-Severus.jpg?resize=768%2C745&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Historia-Istanbulu-Septimus-Severus.jpg?resize=62%2C60&amp;ssl=1 62w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 790px) 100vw, 790px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Busta Septima Severusa z 3. storo\u010dia n\u00e1\u0161ho letopo\u010dtu<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-37f9a3f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"37f9a3f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c22cfe1\" data-id=\"c22cfe1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4c6ef1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a4c6ef1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Konstantinovo_Mesto\"><\/span>Kon\u0161tant\u00ednovo Mesto<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1db53bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1db53bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e1ae63f\" data-id=\"e1ae63f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1652cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1652cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Za\u010diatkom <b>\u0161tvrt\u00e9ho storo\u010dia bola R\u00edmska r\u00ed\u0161a rozdelen\u00e1 na \u0161tyri \u010dasti, ktor\u00fdm vl\u00e1dli \u0161tyria cis\u00e1ri<\/b>, alebo ako ich naz\u00fdvali <b>tetrarchovia<\/b>. Jeden z nich, <b>Kon\u0161tant\u00edn, v roku 312 porazil svojho najbli\u017e\u0161ieho kolegu a stal sa p\u00e1nom z\u00e1padnej polovice stredomorsk\u00e9ho sveta<\/b>. O rok nesk\u00f4r sa <b>Licinius stal jedin\u00fdm vl\u00e1dcom v\u00fdchodnej polovice<\/b>. Bolo nevyhnutn\u00e9, aby sa dvaja <b>zost\u00e1vaj\u00faci cis\u00e1ri stretli<\/b>, a to sa skuto\u010dne stalo <b>18. septembra 324. Ne\u010faleko Chrysopolisu <\/b>(v\u00fdchodne od Bosporu, dne\u0161n\u00fd \u00dcsk\u00fcdar)\u00a0<b>Kon\u0161tant\u00edn porazil Licinia.\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p>O nie\u010do nesk\u00f4r <b>Kon\u0161tant\u00edn si zobral Byzanciu ako svoje nov\u00e9 s\u00eddlo,<\/b>\u00a0a <b>premenoval ju na Constantinoupolis<\/b>, \u201emesto Kon\u0161tant\u00edna\u201c.<\/p><p><b>R\u00edm zatia\u013e zostal hlavn\u00fdm mestom<\/b> cis\u00e1ra Kon\u0161tant\u00edna, kde postavil mnoho nov\u00fdch pamiatok. <b>Po\u010das festivalu v roku 326<\/b> v\u0161ak do\u0161lo k <b>nieko\u013ek\u00fdm nepokojom<\/b>\u00a0a <b>cis\u00e1r Kon\u0161tant\u00edn sa rozhodol opusti\u0165 R\u00edm.<\/b><\/p><p><b>11. m\u00e1ja 330,<\/b> ke\u010f sa sl\u00e1vil sviatok sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho Mociusa, bolo mesto kone\u010dne <b>ofici\u00e1lne vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e9 za hlavn\u00e9 mesto V\u00fdhodor\u00edmskej r\u00ed\u0161e a zasv\u00e4ten\u00e9 bohyni Tych\u00e9<\/b>. Hoci u\u017e Kon\u0161tant\u00edn otvorene podporoval kres\u0165anstvo, mesto st\u00e1le pon\u00fakalo priestor pohansk\u00fdm kultom. Akropola so star\u00fdmi pohansk\u00fdmi chr\u00e1mami zostala tak\u00e1, ak\u00e1 bola.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0facbcb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0facbcb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2a6a269\" data-id=\"2a6a269\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c84c3a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c84c3a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zmenili sa ale aj in\u00e9 veci. Kres\u0165anom sa nep\u00e1\u010dili gladi\u00e1torsk\u00e9 s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ee, a tak bol amfite\u00e1ter opusten\u00fd, hoci tam st\u00e1le popravovali zlo\u010dincov. V\u00fdsledkom bolo, \u017ee\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">konsk\u00e9 dostihy sa stali ve\u013emi popul\u00e1rnymi a na\u0161\u0165astie Kon\u0161tant\u00edn hipodr\u00f3m roz\u0161\u00edril<\/span>, tak\u017ee pon\u00fakal\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">miesta pre pribli\u017ene 30 000 a\u017e 40 000 \u013eud\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>Na jeho ozdobenie\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">bol z Delf odvezen\u00fd\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/?p=695\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Had\u00ed st\u013ap<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">.<\/span>\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ou novostavbou v\u0161ak bol e\u0161te nedokon\u010den\u00fd kostol Bo\u017eej m\u00fadrosti,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/?p=314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hagia Sofia<\/a>, postaven\u00fd medzi star\u00fdm kostolom Bo\u017eieho pokoja a n\u00e1mest\u00edm Auguste\u00f4n.\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V roku\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">336 bolo mesto so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi nov\u00fdmi stavbami pripraven\u00e9 na ve\u013ek\u00e9 sl\u00e1vnosti<\/span>. Kon\u0161tant\u00edn Ve\u013ek\u00fd mohol vo svojom novom hlavnom meste\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">osl\u00e1vi\u0165 svoje tricenn\u00e1lie, svoje tridsa\u0165ro\u010dn\u00e9 jubileum<\/span>. Av\u0161ak\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">o rok nesk\u00f4r bol pokrsten\u00fd a zomrel.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a42a42\" data-id=\"6a42a42\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10076e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"10076e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"instagram-media\" data-instgrm-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CrGLFEUoCMg\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" data-instgrm-version=\"14\" style=\" background:#FFF; border:0; border-radius:3px; box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width:540px; min-width:326px; padding:0; width:99.375%; width:-webkit-calc(100% - 2px); width:calc(100% - 2px);\"><div style=\"padding:16px;\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CrGLFEUoCMg\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" background:#FFFFFF; line-height:0; padding:0 0; text-align:center; text-decoration:none; width:100%;\" target=\"_blank\"> <div style=\" display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;\"> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding: 19% 0;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display:block; height:50px; margin:0 auto 12px; width:50px;\"><svg width=\"50px\" height=\"50px\" viewBox=\"0 0 60 60\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\"><g stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"1\" fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\"><g transform=\"translate(-511.000000, -20.000000)\" fill=\"#000000\"><g><path d=\"M556.869,30.41 C554.814,30.41 553.148,32.076 553.148,34.131 C553.148,36.186 554.814,37.852 556.869,37.852 C558.924,37.852 560.59,36.186 560.59,34.131 C560.59,32.076 558.924,30.41 556.869,30.41 M541,60.657 C535.114,60.657 530.342,55.887 530.342,50 C530.342,44.114 535.114,39.342 541,39.342 C546.887,39.342 551.658,44.114 551.658,50 C551.658,55.887 546.887,60.657 541,60.657 M541,33.886 C532.1,33.886 524.886,41.1 524.886,50 C524.886,58.899 532.1,66.113 541,66.113 C549.9,66.113 557.115,58.899 557.115,50 C557.115,41.1 549.9,33.886 541,33.886 M565.378,62.101 C565.244,65.022 564.756,66.606 564.346,67.663 C563.803,69.06 563.154,70.057 562.106,71.106 C561.058,72.155 560.06,72.803 558.662,73.347 C557.607,73.757 556.021,74.244 553.102,74.378 C549.944,74.521 548.997,74.552 541,74.552 C533.003,74.552 532.056,74.521 528.898,74.378 C525.979,74.244 524.393,73.757 523.338,73.347 C521.94,72.803 520.942,72.155 519.894,71.106 C518.846,70.057 518.197,69.06 517.654,67.663 C517.244,66.606 516.755,65.022 516.623,62.101 C516.479,58.943 516.448,57.996 516.448,50 C516.448,42.003 516.479,41.056 516.623,37.899 C516.755,34.978 517.244,33.391 517.654,32.338 C518.197,30.938 518.846,29.942 519.894,28.894 C520.942,27.846 521.94,27.196 523.338,26.654 C524.393,26.244 525.979,25.756 528.898,25.623 C532.057,25.479 533.004,25.448 541,25.448 C548.997,25.448 549.943,25.479 553.102,25.623 C556.021,25.756 557.607,26.244 558.662,26.654 C560.06,27.196 561.058,27.846 562.106,28.894 C563.154,29.942 563.803,30.938 564.346,32.338 C564.756,33.391 565.244,34.978 565.378,37.899 C565.522,41.056 565.552,42.003 565.552,50 C565.552,57.996 565.522,58.943 565.378,62.101 M570.82,37.631 C570.674,34.438 570.167,32.258 569.425,30.349 C568.659,28.377 567.633,26.702 565.965,25.035 C564.297,23.368 562.623,22.342 560.652,21.575 C558.743,20.834 556.562,20.326 553.369,20.18 C550.169,20.033 549.148,20 541,20 C532.853,20 531.831,20.033 528.631,20.18 C525.438,20.326 523.257,20.834 521.349,21.575 C519.376,22.342 517.703,23.368 516.035,25.035 C514.368,26.702 513.342,28.377 512.574,30.349 C511.834,32.258 511.326,34.438 511.181,37.631 C511.035,40.831 511,41.851 511,50 C511,58.147 511.035,59.17 511.181,62.369 C511.326,65.562 511.834,67.743 512.574,69.651 C513.342,71.625 514.368,73.296 516.035,74.965 C517.703,76.634 519.376,77.658 521.349,78.425 C523.257,79.167 525.438,79.673 528.631,79.82 C531.831,79.965 532.853,80.001 541,80.001 C549.148,80.001 550.169,79.965 553.369,79.82 C556.562,79.673 558.743,79.167 560.652,78.425 C562.623,77.658 564.297,76.634 565.965,74.965 C567.633,73.296 568.659,71.625 569.425,69.651 C570.167,67.743 570.674,65.562 570.82,62.369 C570.966,59.17 571,58.147 571,50 C571,41.851 570.966,40.831 570.82,37.631\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/g><\/svg><\/div><div style=\"padding-top: 8px;\"> <div style=\" color:#3897f0; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:550; line-height:18px;\">View this post on Instagram<\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding: 12.5% 0;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;\"><div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);\"><\/div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;\"><\/div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"margin-left: 8px;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg)\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"margin-left: auto;\"> <div style=\" width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);\"><\/div> <div style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);\"><\/div><\/div><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/a><p style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:8px; overflow:hidden; padding:8px 0 7px; text-align:center; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CrGLFEUoCMg\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; line-height:17px; text-decoration:none;\" target=\"_blank\">A post shared by Istanbul s Mi\u0161kou \ud83e\uddff (@istanbul_s_miskou)<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/blockquote> <script async src=\"\/\/www.instagram.com\/embed.js\"><\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7cf9647 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7cf9647\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8a13665\" data-id=\"8a13665\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f9de00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9f9de00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"684\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Historia-Istanbulu-Konstantin-.jpg?fit=684%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-998\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Historia-Istanbulu-Konstantin-.jpg?w=684&amp;ssl=1 684w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Historia-Istanbulu-Konstantin-.jpg?resize=200%2C300&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Historia-Istanbulu-Konstantin-.jpg?resize=40%2C60&amp;ssl=1 40w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Kon\u0161tant\u00edn I. Ve\u013ek\u00fd vyobrazen\u00fd na mozaike v Hagia Sofia<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b3570a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b3570a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1170ae7\" data-id=\"1170ae7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4475a2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4475a2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Neskorsie_Rimske_obdobie\"><\/span>Neskor\u0161ie R\u00edmske obdobie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b1ce2b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b1ce2b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-53fe6c7\" data-id=\"53fe6c7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef2760d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef2760d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Po smrti Kon\u0161tant\u00edna Ve\u013ek\u00e9ho sa mesto pomaly rozrastalo. N\u00e1znaky tohto rastu mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">za vl\u00e1dy Constantia II., ktor\u00fd v roku 337 nahradil svojho otca Kon\u0161tant\u00edna:<\/span>\u00a0kopali sa\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">nov\u00e9 cisterny a stavali obiln\u00e9 sil\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0(horrea). V roku\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">359 sa zmenil syst\u00e9m mestskej spr\u00e1vy<\/span>.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">nasleduj\u00facom roku bola dokon\u010den\u00e1 &#8222;prv\u00e1&#8220; bazilika Bo\u017eej m\u00fadrosti, Hagia Sofia<\/span>. Za vl\u00e1dy\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Juli\u00e1na<\/span>\u00a0(361-363) sa uskuto\u010dnil posledn\u00fd pokus o znovuzavedenie pohanstva, ale u\u017e bolo neskoro.\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Juli\u00e1na vystriedal<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Jovian, ktor\u00fd nikdy nenav\u0161t\u00edvil svoje hlavn\u00e9 mesto<\/span>, a\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Valens, ktor\u00fd sa op\u00e4\u0165 musel vyrovna\u0165 s rast\u00facim po\u010dtom obyvate\u013eov.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f71909d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f71909d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-943e2fa\" data-id=\"943e2fa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc63e7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc63e7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Pr\u00e1ve Valens sa zasl\u00fa\u017eil o\u00a0opravy akvaduktu,<\/span>\u00a0ktor\u00fd dal postavi\u0165 Hadri\u00e1n. Teraz sa naz\u00fdva <b>akvadukt Valens<\/b> a je jednou z domin\u00e1nt mesta. Nap\u00e1ja cisternu, ktor\u00fa postavil Valensov n\u00e1stupca Theodosius I.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Za vl\u00e1dy\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Valensa za\u010dali do imp\u00e9ria prenika\u0165 Vizig\u00f3ti a samotn\u00fd cis\u00e1r bol porazen\u00fd a zabit\u00fd v bitke pri Adrianopole<\/span>\u00a0(378). \u00dato\u010dn\u00edci v\u0161ak nedok\u00e1zali prekona\u0165 hradby Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopolu a nakoniec sa pres\u0165ahovali na z\u00e1pad a nejak\u00fd \u010das\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u017eili pokojn\u00fdm \u017eivotom, pokia\u013e bol pri moci Theodosius I.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c7d06a\" data-id=\"3c7d06a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02e608e elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"02e608e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"instagram-media\" data-instgrm-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CsUCDEfIQ2Q\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" data-instgrm-version=\"14\" style=\" background:#FFF; border:0; border-radius:3px; box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width:540px; min-width:326px; padding:0; width:99.375%; width:-webkit-calc(100% - 2px); width:calc(100% - 2px);\"><div style=\"padding:16px;\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CsUCDEfIQ2Q\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" background:#FFFFFF; line-height:0; padding:0 0; text-align:center; text-decoration:none; width:100%;\" target=\"_blank\"> <div style=\" display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;\"> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding: 19% 0;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display:block; height:50px; margin:0 auto 12px; width:50px;\"><svg width=\"50px\" height=\"50px\" viewBox=\"0 0 60 60\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\"><g stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"1\" fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\"><g transform=\"translate(-511.000000, -20.000000)\" fill=\"#000000\"><g><path d=\"M556.869,30.41 C554.814,30.41 553.148,32.076 553.148,34.131 C553.148,36.186 554.814,37.852 556.869,37.852 C558.924,37.852 560.59,36.186 560.59,34.131 C560.59,32.076 558.924,30.41 556.869,30.41 M541,60.657 C535.114,60.657 530.342,55.887 530.342,50 C530.342,44.114 535.114,39.342 541,39.342 C546.887,39.342 551.658,44.114 551.658,50 C551.658,55.887 546.887,60.657 541,60.657 M541,33.886 C532.1,33.886 524.886,41.1 524.886,50 C524.886,58.899 532.1,66.113 541,66.113 C549.9,66.113 557.115,58.899 557.115,50 C557.115,41.1 549.9,33.886 541,33.886 M565.378,62.101 C565.244,65.022 564.756,66.606 564.346,67.663 C563.803,69.06 563.154,70.057 562.106,71.106 C561.058,72.155 560.06,72.803 558.662,73.347 C557.607,73.757 556.021,74.244 553.102,74.378 C549.944,74.521 548.997,74.552 541,74.552 C533.003,74.552 532.056,74.521 528.898,74.378 C525.979,74.244 524.393,73.757 523.338,73.347 C521.94,72.803 520.942,72.155 519.894,71.106 C518.846,70.057 518.197,69.06 517.654,67.663 C517.244,66.606 516.755,65.022 516.623,62.101 C516.479,58.943 516.448,57.996 516.448,50 C516.448,42.003 516.479,41.056 516.623,37.899 C516.755,34.978 517.244,33.391 517.654,32.338 C518.197,30.938 518.846,29.942 519.894,28.894 C520.942,27.846 521.94,27.196 523.338,26.654 C524.393,26.244 525.979,25.756 528.898,25.623 C532.057,25.479 533.004,25.448 541,25.448 C548.997,25.448 549.943,25.479 553.102,25.623 C556.021,25.756 557.607,26.244 558.662,26.654 C560.06,27.196 561.058,27.846 562.106,28.894 C563.154,29.942 563.803,30.938 564.346,32.338 C564.756,33.391 565.244,34.978 565.378,37.899 C565.522,41.056 565.552,42.003 565.552,50 C565.552,57.996 565.522,58.943 565.378,62.101 M570.82,37.631 C570.674,34.438 570.167,32.258 569.425,30.349 C568.659,28.377 567.633,26.702 565.965,25.035 C564.297,23.368 562.623,22.342 560.652,21.575 C558.743,20.834 556.562,20.326 553.369,20.18 C550.169,20.033 549.148,20 541,20 C532.853,20 531.831,20.033 528.631,20.18 C525.438,20.326 523.257,20.834 521.349,21.575 C519.376,22.342 517.703,23.368 516.035,25.035 C514.368,26.702 513.342,28.377 512.574,30.349 C511.834,32.258 511.326,34.438 511.181,37.631 C511.035,40.831 511,41.851 511,50 C511,58.147 511.035,59.17 511.181,62.369 C511.326,65.562 511.834,67.743 512.574,69.651 C513.342,71.625 514.368,73.296 516.035,74.965 C517.703,76.634 519.376,77.658 521.349,78.425 C523.257,79.167 525.438,79.673 528.631,79.82 C531.831,79.965 532.853,80.001 541,80.001 C549.148,80.001 550.169,79.965 553.369,79.82 C556.562,79.673 558.743,79.167 560.652,78.425 C562.623,77.658 564.297,76.634 565.965,74.965 C567.633,73.296 568.659,71.625 569.425,69.651 C570.167,67.743 570.674,65.562 570.82,62.369 C570.966,59.17 571,58.147 571,50 C571,41.851 570.966,40.831 570.82,37.631\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/g><\/svg><\/div><div style=\"padding-top: 8px;\"> <div style=\" color:#3897f0; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:550; line-height:18px;\">View this post on Instagram<\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding: 12.5% 0;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;\"><div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);\"><\/div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;\"><\/div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"margin-left: 8px;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg)\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"margin-left: auto;\"> <div style=\" width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);\"><\/div> <div style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);\"><\/div><\/div><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/a><p style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:8px; overflow:hidden; padding:8px 0 7px; text-align:center; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CsUCDEfIQ2Q\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; line-height:17px; text-decoration:none;\" target=\"_blank\">A post shared by Istanbul s Mi\u0161kou \ud83e\uddff (@istanbul_s_miskou)<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/blockquote> <script async src=\"\/\/www.instagram.com\/embed.js\"><\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a50540 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a50540\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7dad576\" data-id=\"7dad576\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e2a759 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e2a759\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Mesto sa \u010falej rozrastalo<\/span>\u00a0a mohlo ma\u0165 a\u017e\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">150 000 obyvate\u013eov.<\/span>\u00a0\u010c\u00edtali ste o novej cisterne a zlep\u0161en\u00ed jedn\u00e9ho z trhov,\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Forum Tauri<\/span>\u00a0&#8211; ktor\u00fd bol odteraz zn\u00e1my ako F\u00f3rum Theodosius\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">(modern\u00e9 n\u00e1mestie Beyaz\u0131t)<\/span>. Nakoniec treba spomen\u00fa\u0165\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Theodosiov<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">obelisk v Hipodr\u00f3me: priviezli ho z egyptsk\u00e9ho Karnaku a postavili ho v Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopole v roku 390.\u00a0Obelisk (v skuto\u010dnosti z chr\u00e1mu Thutmoseho III.) je najstar\u0161ia pamiatka v Istanbule.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Theodosius zomrel v roku 395 a nov\u00fdm vl\u00e1dcom v\u00fdchodnej \u010dasti R\u00ed\u0161e sa stal jeho syn Arcadius<\/span>. Mesto mohlo ma\u0165 teraz\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">viac ako 200 000 obyvate\u013eov.\u00a0<\/span>Po\u010das jeho vl\u00e1dy boli germ\u00e1nske vojsk\u00e1 Gainas kr\u00e1tkodobo mimoriadne siln\u00e9, no boli vyhnan\u00e9, ke\u010f sa obyvate\u013estvo Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopolu vzb\u00farilo.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u010eal\u0161\u00ed d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd stavebn\u00fd projekt vykonal pretori\u00e1nsky prefekt Anthemius:\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">sl\u00e1vne Theodosi\u00e1nske zemsk\u00e9 hradby s takmer stovkou ve\u017e\u00ed.<\/span>\u00a0Stavba sa za\u010dala\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">v roku 412 a v roku 414 u\u017e bola pr\u00e1ca hotov\u00e1.<\/span>\u00a0Mesto\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">malo teraz rozlohu 12 km\u00b2 a zah\u0155\u0148alo tri nov\u00e9 kopce, \u010d\u00edm sa celkov\u00fd po\u010det zv\u00fd\u0161il na sedem.\u00a0<\/span>O tridsa\u0165 rokov nesk\u00f4r\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">mal hradby vylep\u0161i\u0165 pretori\u00e1nsky prefekt Cyrus z Panopoly<\/span>: pred\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">p\u00f4vodn\u00fd m\u00far postavili druh\u00fd m\u00far a po\u010det ve\u017e\u00ed sa zdvojn\u00e1sobil \u2013 teraz ich bolo 192.<\/span>\u00a0Medzit\u00fdm boli<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u00a0vylep\u0161en\u00e9 aj morsk\u00e9 hradby<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-140dd6e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"140dd6e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e1d729\" data-id=\"5e1d729\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-183d760 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"183d760\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"instagram-media\" data-instgrm-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/CvpUPSgKBzx\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" data-instgrm-version=\"14\" style=\" background:#FFF; border:0; border-radius:3px; box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width:540px; min-width:326px; padding:0; width:99.375%; width:-webkit-calc(100% - 2px); width:calc(100% - 2px);\"><div style=\"padding:16px;\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/CvpUPSgKBzx\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" background:#FFFFFF; line-height:0; padding:0 0; text-align:center; text-decoration:none; width:100%;\" target=\"_blank\"> <div style=\" display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;\"> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding: 19% 0;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display:block; height:50px; margin:0 auto 12px; width:50px;\"><svg width=\"50px\" height=\"50px\" viewBox=\"0 0 60 60\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\"><g stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"1\" fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\"><g transform=\"translate(-511.000000, -20.000000)\" fill=\"#000000\"><g><path d=\"M556.869,30.41 C554.814,30.41 553.148,32.076 553.148,34.131 C553.148,36.186 554.814,37.852 556.869,37.852 C558.924,37.852 560.59,36.186 560.59,34.131 C560.59,32.076 558.924,30.41 556.869,30.41 M541,60.657 C535.114,60.657 530.342,55.887 530.342,50 C530.342,44.114 535.114,39.342 541,39.342 C546.887,39.342 551.658,44.114 551.658,50 C551.658,55.887 546.887,60.657 541,60.657 M541,33.886 C532.1,33.886 524.886,41.1 524.886,50 C524.886,58.899 532.1,66.113 541,66.113 C549.9,66.113 557.115,58.899 557.115,50 C557.115,41.1 549.9,33.886 541,33.886 M565.378,62.101 C565.244,65.022 564.756,66.606 564.346,67.663 C563.803,69.06 563.154,70.057 562.106,71.106 C561.058,72.155 560.06,72.803 558.662,73.347 C557.607,73.757 556.021,74.244 553.102,74.378 C549.944,74.521 548.997,74.552 541,74.552 C533.003,74.552 532.056,74.521 528.898,74.378 C525.979,74.244 524.393,73.757 523.338,73.347 C521.94,72.803 520.942,72.155 519.894,71.106 C518.846,70.057 518.197,69.06 517.654,67.663 C517.244,66.606 516.755,65.022 516.623,62.101 C516.479,58.943 516.448,57.996 516.448,50 C516.448,42.003 516.479,41.056 516.623,37.899 C516.755,34.978 517.244,33.391 517.654,32.338 C518.197,30.938 518.846,29.942 519.894,28.894 C520.942,27.846 521.94,27.196 523.338,26.654 C524.393,26.244 525.979,25.756 528.898,25.623 C532.057,25.479 533.004,25.448 541,25.448 C548.997,25.448 549.943,25.479 553.102,25.623 C556.021,25.756 557.607,26.244 558.662,26.654 C560.06,27.196 561.058,27.846 562.106,28.894 C563.154,29.942 563.803,30.938 564.346,32.338 C564.756,33.391 565.244,34.978 565.378,37.899 C565.522,41.056 565.552,42.003 565.552,50 C565.552,57.996 565.522,58.943 565.378,62.101 M570.82,37.631 C570.674,34.438 570.167,32.258 569.425,30.349 C568.659,28.377 567.633,26.702 565.965,25.035 C564.297,23.368 562.623,22.342 560.652,21.575 C558.743,20.834 556.562,20.326 553.369,20.18 C550.169,20.033 549.148,20 541,20 C532.853,20 531.831,20.033 528.631,20.18 C525.438,20.326 523.257,20.834 521.349,21.575 C519.376,22.342 517.703,23.368 516.035,25.035 C514.368,26.702 513.342,28.377 512.574,30.349 C511.834,32.258 511.326,34.438 511.181,37.631 C511.035,40.831 511,41.851 511,50 C511,58.147 511.035,59.17 511.181,62.369 C511.326,65.562 511.834,67.743 512.574,69.651 C513.342,71.625 514.368,73.296 516.035,74.965 C517.703,76.634 519.376,77.658 521.349,78.425 C523.257,79.167 525.438,79.673 528.631,79.82 C531.831,79.965 532.853,80.001 541,80.001 C549.148,80.001 550.169,79.965 553.369,79.82 C556.562,79.673 558.743,79.167 560.652,78.425 C562.623,77.658 564.297,76.634 565.965,74.965 C567.633,73.296 568.659,71.625 569.425,69.651 C570.167,67.743 570.674,65.562 570.82,62.369 C570.966,59.17 571,58.147 571,50 C571,41.851 570.966,40.831 570.82,37.631\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/g><\/svg><\/div><div style=\"padding-top: 8px;\"> <div style=\" color:#3897f0; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:550; line-height:18px;\">View this post on Instagram<\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding: 12.5% 0;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;\"><div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);\"><\/div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;\"><\/div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"margin-left: 8px;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg)\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"margin-left: auto;\"> <div style=\" width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);\"><\/div> <div style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);\"><\/div><\/div><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/a><p style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:8px; overflow:hidden; padding:8px 0 7px; text-align:center; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/CvpUPSgKBzx\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; line-height:17px; text-decoration:none;\" target=\"_blank\">A post shared by Istanbul s Mi\u0161kou \ud83e\uddff (@istanbul_s_miskou)<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/blockquote> <script async src=\"\/\/www.instagram.com\/embed.js\"><\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3cc5875 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3cc5875\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4a21374\" data-id=\"4a21374\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-876a633 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"876a633\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Byzantske_Hlavne_Mesto\"><\/span>Byzantsk\u00e9 Hlavn\u00e9 Mesto<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f3573bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f3573bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-59b88dd\" data-id=\"59b88dd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33f75f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33f75f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Po kr\u00e1tkom panovan\u00ed Just\u00edna I. sa\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">cis\u00e1rom stal Justini\u00e1n (527)<\/span>.\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Vl\u00e1dol Byzantskej r\u00ed\u0161i takmer \u0161tyridsa\u0165 rokov<\/span>, a\u017e do roku 565. Po\u010das jeho vl\u00e1dy bol vtedaj\u0161\u00ed svet svedkom nielen\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">impozantnej expanzie byzantsk\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed<\/span>, ale aj\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">za\u010diatku obdobia \u00fapadku, ktor\u00e9 malo trva\u0165 a\u017e do deviateho storo\u010dia.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0d25de elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0d25de\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb33c5c\" data-id=\"cb33c5c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4232671 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4232671\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ak si to stru\u010dne zhrnieme, jeho&nbsp;<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">d\u00f4veryhodn\u00fd gener\u00e1l Belisarius porazil v roku 530 s\u00e1s\u00e1nskych Per\u017eanov<\/span>&nbsp;a bola uzavret\u00e1&nbsp;<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">mierov\u00e1 zmluva<\/span>, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017enila Byzant\u00edncom&nbsp;<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 jednotky z v\u00fdchodn\u00e9ho frontu a doby\u0165 Vandalsk\u00e9 kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo v Afrike (534) a na Sic\u00edlii (535)<\/span>. Tieto&nbsp;<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">provincie<\/span>&nbsp;patrili medzi&nbsp;<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">najbohat\u0161ie \u010dasti starovek\u00e9ho stredomorsk\u00e9ho sveta<\/span>&nbsp;a nach\u00e1dzali sa v nich impozantn\u00e9 poklady.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Mesto profitovalo z v\u00fdnosov z vojny;&nbsp;<\/span>v roku&nbsp;<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">542 mohlo ma\u0165 asi 300 000 obyvate\u013eov.&nbsp;<\/span>Bola vybudovan\u00e1&nbsp;<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">nov\u00e1 vodn\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e: sl\u00e1vna Bazilika Cistern<\/span>&nbsp;alebo, ako sa dnes hovor\u00ed,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/?p=439\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yerebatan Sarn\u0131c\u0131<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-df82b96\" data-id=\"df82b96\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de96357 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"de96357\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"instagram-media\" data-instgrm-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CpYQf0SoEHd\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" data-instgrm-version=\"14\" style=\" background:#FFF; border:0; border-radius:3px; box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width:540px; min-width:326px; padding:0; width:99.375%; width:-webkit-calc(100% - 2px); width:calc(100% - 2px);\"><div style=\"padding:16px;\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CpYQf0SoEHd\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" background:#FFFFFF; line-height:0; padding:0 0; text-align:center; text-decoration:none; width:100%;\" target=\"_blank\"> <div style=\" display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;\"> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding: 19% 0;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display:block; height:50px; margin:0 auto 12px; width:50px;\"><svg width=\"50px\" height=\"50px\" viewBox=\"0 0 60 60\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\"><g stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"1\" fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\"><g transform=\"translate(-511.000000, -20.000000)\" fill=\"#000000\"><g><path d=\"M556.869,30.41 C554.814,30.41 553.148,32.076 553.148,34.131 C553.148,36.186 554.814,37.852 556.869,37.852 C558.924,37.852 560.59,36.186 560.59,34.131 C560.59,32.076 558.924,30.41 556.869,30.41 M541,60.657 C535.114,60.657 530.342,55.887 530.342,50 C530.342,44.114 535.114,39.342 541,39.342 C546.887,39.342 551.658,44.114 551.658,50 C551.658,55.887 546.887,60.657 541,60.657 M541,33.886 C532.1,33.886 524.886,41.1 524.886,50 C524.886,58.899 532.1,66.113 541,66.113 C549.9,66.113 557.115,58.899 557.115,50 C557.115,41.1 549.9,33.886 541,33.886 M565.378,62.101 C565.244,65.022 564.756,66.606 564.346,67.663 C563.803,69.06 563.154,70.057 562.106,71.106 C561.058,72.155 560.06,72.803 558.662,73.347 C557.607,73.757 556.021,74.244 553.102,74.378 C549.944,74.521 548.997,74.552 541,74.552 C533.003,74.552 532.056,74.521 528.898,74.378 C525.979,74.244 524.393,73.757 523.338,73.347 C521.94,72.803 520.942,72.155 519.894,71.106 C518.846,70.057 518.197,69.06 517.654,67.663 C517.244,66.606 516.755,65.022 516.623,62.101 C516.479,58.943 516.448,57.996 516.448,50 C516.448,42.003 516.479,41.056 516.623,37.899 C516.755,34.978 517.244,33.391 517.654,32.338 C518.197,30.938 518.846,29.942 519.894,28.894 C520.942,27.846 521.94,27.196 523.338,26.654 C524.393,26.244 525.979,25.756 528.898,25.623 C532.057,25.479 533.004,25.448 541,25.448 C548.997,25.448 549.943,25.479 553.102,25.623 C556.021,25.756 557.607,26.244 558.662,26.654 C560.06,27.196 561.058,27.846 562.106,28.894 C563.154,29.942 563.803,30.938 564.346,32.338 C564.756,33.391 565.244,34.978 565.378,37.899 C565.522,41.056 565.552,42.003 565.552,50 C565.552,57.996 565.522,58.943 565.378,62.101 M570.82,37.631 C570.674,34.438 570.167,32.258 569.425,30.349 C568.659,28.377 567.633,26.702 565.965,25.035 C564.297,23.368 562.623,22.342 560.652,21.575 C558.743,20.834 556.562,20.326 553.369,20.18 C550.169,20.033 549.148,20 541,20 C532.853,20 531.831,20.033 528.631,20.18 C525.438,20.326 523.257,20.834 521.349,21.575 C519.376,22.342 517.703,23.368 516.035,25.035 C514.368,26.702 513.342,28.377 512.574,30.349 C511.834,32.258 511.326,34.438 511.181,37.631 C511.035,40.831 511,41.851 511,50 C511,58.147 511.035,59.17 511.181,62.369 C511.326,65.562 511.834,67.743 512.574,69.651 C513.342,71.625 514.368,73.296 516.035,74.965 C517.703,76.634 519.376,77.658 521.349,78.425 C523.257,79.167 525.438,79.673 528.631,79.82 C531.831,79.965 532.853,80.001 541,80.001 C549.148,80.001 550.169,79.965 553.369,79.82 C556.562,79.673 558.743,79.167 560.652,78.425 C562.623,77.658 564.297,76.634 565.965,74.965 C567.633,73.296 568.659,71.625 569.425,69.651 C570.167,67.743 570.674,65.562 570.82,62.369 C570.966,59.17 571,58.147 571,50 C571,41.851 570.966,40.831 570.82,37.631\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/g><\/svg><\/div><div style=\"padding-top: 8px;\"> <div style=\" color:#3897f0; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:550; line-height:18px;\">View this post on Instagram<\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding: 12.5% 0;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;\"><div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);\"><\/div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;\"><\/div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"margin-left: 8px;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg)\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"margin-left: auto;\"> <div style=\" width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);\"><\/div> <div style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);\"><\/div><\/div><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/a><p style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:8px; overflow:hidden; padding:8px 0 7px; text-align:center; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CpYQf0SoEHd\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; line-height:17px; text-decoration:none;\" target=\"_blank\">A post shared by Istanbul s Mi\u0161kou \ud83e\uddff (@istanbul_s_miskou)<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/blockquote> <script async src=\"\/\/www.instagram.com\/embed.js\"><\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f9b4125 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f9b4125\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-57d8ac7\" data-id=\"57d8ac7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f227a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f227a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V janu\u00e1ri 532 za\u010dali <b>dve frakcie \u00fa\u010dasn\u00edkov konsk\u00fdch dostihov &#8211; modr\u00e1 a zelen\u00e1, na Hipodr\u00f3me bojova\u0165<\/b> a cis\u00e1r zasiahol: <b>vodcov zatkli a popravili.<\/b> <b>Nasleduj\u00faci de\u0148 sa obe frakcie spolo\u010dne obr\u00e1tili proti cis\u00e1rovi<\/b>. Rozhnevan\u00fd dav vtrhol do v\u00e4zenia, oslobodil nieko\u013eko zajat\u00fdch chulig\u00e1nov a pokra\u010doval v rabovan\u00ed pal\u00e1ca a nieko\u013ek\u00fdch budov v susedstve. <b>Kostoly Bo\u017eej m\u00fadrosti &#8211; Hagia Sofia a Bo\u017eieho pokoja &#8211; Hagia Irene boli zni\u010den\u00e9.<\/b> Nakoniec <b>Justini\u00e1n nariadil svojim \u017eoldnierom, aby za\u00fato\u010dili.<\/b>\u00a0Asi <b>30 000 Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopol\u010danov bolo zmasakrovan\u00fdch a takto krvavo sa skon\u010dilo povstanie, ktor\u00e9 dnes pozn\u00e1me ako povstanie Nika.<\/b><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Nov\u00e1 Hagia Sophia sa za\u010dala stava\u0165 \u0161tyridsa\u0165 dn\u00ed po tom, \u010do bola zni\u010den\u00e1.<\/span>\u00a0Architektmi boli\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Anthemius z Tralles a Izidor z Mil\u00e9tu<\/span>. O<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u00a0p\u00e4\u0165 a pol roka nesk\u00f4r bol kostol hotov\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0a\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Justini\u00e1n sa hrdo chv\u00e1lil, \u017ee prekonal \u0160alam\u00fana<\/span>. Bolo to taktie\u017e miesto <b>druh\u00e9ho ekumenick\u00e9ho koncilu v Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopole v roku 553.<\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7094771 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7094771\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f644306\" data-id=\"f644306\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f72a3fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f72a3fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Kupola nov\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu Hagia Sophia sa zr\u00fatila v roku 558,<\/span>\u00a0ale \u010doskoro bola obnoven\u00e1.\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u010eal\u0161ie stavebn\u00e9 projekty<\/span>\u00a0boli nov\u00fd\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">kostol Bo\u017eieho pokoja (alebo Hagia Irene)<\/span>, v bl\u00edzkosti Hagia Sophia,\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Hospic of Samson a nov\u00fd cis\u00e1rsky pal\u00e1c<\/span>. Niektor\u00e9 z\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">moza\u00edk z cis\u00e1rskeho pal\u00e1ca je teraz mo\u017en\u00e9 vidie\u0165 v M\u00fazeu mozaiky<\/span>.\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V roku\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">542 postihla mesto hrozn\u00e1 epid\u00e9mia moru<\/span>.\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopol stratil a\u017e 100 000 obyvate\u013eov a u\u017e nikdy by nedosiahol svoju b\u00fdval\u00fa ve\u013ekos\u0165.<\/span>\u00a0Straty na \u017eivotoch pokra\u010dovali; v \u010dase cis\u00e1ra Mauricea,\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">v roku 600, \u017eilo v meste asi 100 000 \u013eud\u00ed &#8211; jedna tretina ve\u013ekosti popul\u00e1cie pred epid\u00e9miou.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-586db46\" data-id=\"586db46\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e4c093 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"0e4c093\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"instagram-media\" data-instgrm-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cr0UqXXISHf\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" data-instgrm-version=\"14\" style=\" background:#FFF; border:0; border-radius:3px; box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width:540px; min-width:326px; padding:0; width:99.375%; width:-webkit-calc(100% - 2px); width:calc(100% - 2px);\"><div style=\"padding:16px;\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cr0UqXXISHf\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" background:#FFFFFF; line-height:0; padding:0 0; text-align:center; text-decoration:none; width:100%;\" target=\"_blank\"> <div style=\" display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;\"> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding: 19% 0;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display:block; height:50px; margin:0 auto 12px; width:50px;\"><svg width=\"50px\" height=\"50px\" viewBox=\"0 0 60 60\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\"><g stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"1\" fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\"><g transform=\"translate(-511.000000, -20.000000)\" fill=\"#000000\"><g><path d=\"M556.869,30.41 C554.814,30.41 553.148,32.076 553.148,34.131 C553.148,36.186 554.814,37.852 556.869,37.852 C558.924,37.852 560.59,36.186 560.59,34.131 C560.59,32.076 558.924,30.41 556.869,30.41 M541,60.657 C535.114,60.657 530.342,55.887 530.342,50 C530.342,44.114 535.114,39.342 541,39.342 C546.887,39.342 551.658,44.114 551.658,50 C551.658,55.887 546.887,60.657 541,60.657 M541,33.886 C532.1,33.886 524.886,41.1 524.886,50 C524.886,58.899 532.1,66.113 541,66.113 C549.9,66.113 557.115,58.899 557.115,50 C557.115,41.1 549.9,33.886 541,33.886 M565.378,62.101 C565.244,65.022 564.756,66.606 564.346,67.663 C563.803,69.06 563.154,70.057 562.106,71.106 C561.058,72.155 560.06,72.803 558.662,73.347 C557.607,73.757 556.021,74.244 553.102,74.378 C549.944,74.521 548.997,74.552 541,74.552 C533.003,74.552 532.056,74.521 528.898,74.378 C525.979,74.244 524.393,73.757 523.338,73.347 C521.94,72.803 520.942,72.155 519.894,71.106 C518.846,70.057 518.197,69.06 517.654,67.663 C517.244,66.606 516.755,65.022 516.623,62.101 C516.479,58.943 516.448,57.996 516.448,50 C516.448,42.003 516.479,41.056 516.623,37.899 C516.755,34.978 517.244,33.391 517.654,32.338 C518.197,30.938 518.846,29.942 519.894,28.894 C520.942,27.846 521.94,27.196 523.338,26.654 C524.393,26.244 525.979,25.756 528.898,25.623 C532.057,25.479 533.004,25.448 541,25.448 C548.997,25.448 549.943,25.479 553.102,25.623 C556.021,25.756 557.607,26.244 558.662,26.654 C560.06,27.196 561.058,27.846 562.106,28.894 C563.154,29.942 563.803,30.938 564.346,32.338 C564.756,33.391 565.244,34.978 565.378,37.899 C565.522,41.056 565.552,42.003 565.552,50 C565.552,57.996 565.522,58.943 565.378,62.101 M570.82,37.631 C570.674,34.438 570.167,32.258 569.425,30.349 C568.659,28.377 567.633,26.702 565.965,25.035 C564.297,23.368 562.623,22.342 560.652,21.575 C558.743,20.834 556.562,20.326 553.369,20.18 C550.169,20.033 549.148,20 541,20 C532.853,20 531.831,20.033 528.631,20.18 C525.438,20.326 523.257,20.834 521.349,21.575 C519.376,22.342 517.703,23.368 516.035,25.035 C514.368,26.702 513.342,28.377 512.574,30.349 C511.834,32.258 511.326,34.438 511.181,37.631 C511.035,40.831 511,41.851 511,50 C511,58.147 511.035,59.17 511.181,62.369 C511.326,65.562 511.834,67.743 512.574,69.651 C513.342,71.625 514.368,73.296 516.035,74.965 C517.703,76.634 519.376,77.658 521.349,78.425 C523.257,79.167 525.438,79.673 528.631,79.82 C531.831,79.965 532.853,80.001 541,80.001 C549.148,80.001 550.169,79.965 553.369,79.82 C556.562,79.673 558.743,79.167 560.652,78.425 C562.623,77.658 564.297,76.634 565.965,74.965 C567.633,73.296 568.659,71.625 569.425,69.651 C570.167,67.743 570.674,65.562 570.82,62.369 C570.966,59.17 571,58.147 571,50 C571,41.851 570.966,40.831 570.82,37.631\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/g><\/svg><\/div><div style=\"padding-top: 8px;\"> <div style=\" color:#3897f0; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:550; line-height:18px;\">View this post on Instagram<\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding: 12.5% 0;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;\"><div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);\"><\/div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;\"><\/div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"margin-left: 8px;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg)\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"margin-left: auto;\"> <div style=\" width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);\"><\/div> <div style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);\"><\/div><\/div><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/a><p style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:8px; overflow:hidden; padding:8px 0 7px; text-align:center; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cr0UqXXISHf\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; line-height:17px; text-decoration:none;\" target=\"_blank\">A post shared by Istanbul s Mi\u0161kou \ud83e\uddff (@istanbul_s_miskou)<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/blockquote> <script async src=\"\/\/www.instagram.com\/embed.js\"><\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e30b6f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e30b6f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d925053\" data-id=\"d925053\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4408461 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4408461\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hlavnou obe\u0165ou choroby sa v\u0161ak stala mestsk\u00e1 ekonomika:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;\">odteraz mesto upadalo &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: justify;\">dane sa \u0165a\u017eko vyberali, obchod a remesl\u00e1 trpeli a spolo\u010dnos\u0165 stratila s\u00fadr\u017enos\u0165. St\u00e1le sa v\u0161ak obchodovalo a je zauj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;\">v roku 551 pri\u0161li do Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopolu mn\u00edsi z \u010ealek\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu<\/span><span style=\"text-align: justify;\">, ktor\u00ed\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;\">so sebou priniesli priadky moru\u0161ov\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00fdroba\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;\">hodv\u00e1bu bola odteraz jedn\u00fdm z hlavn\u00fdch remesiel v meste<\/span><span style=\"text-align: justify;\">.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b4dd3b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b4dd3b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb01a0c\" data-id=\"cb01a0c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-032f41c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"032f41c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Suboj_civilizacii\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 39.006px\">S\u00faboj civiliz\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-168e989 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"168e989\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9c392c9\" data-id=\"9c392c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-456d47a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"456d47a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00fdchodor\u00edmska r\u00ed\u0161a s centrom v Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopole sa ocitla na <b>kri\u017eovatke r\u00f4znych civiliz\u00e1ci\u00ed a ideol\u00f3gi\u00ed.<\/b> Na v\u00fdchode sa stretla s <b>perzsk\u00fdmi r\u00ed\u0161ami, na z\u00e1pade sa br\u00e1nila germ\u00e1nskym a hunsk\u00fdm n\u00e1jazdom a na juhu \u010delila arabskej expanzii.<\/b>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Jednou z <b>najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch udalost\u00ed v dejin\u00e1ch Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopolu bola \u0161tvrt\u00e1 kri\u017eiacka v\u00fdprava a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 vyplienenie Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopolu v roku 1204.<\/b> T\u00e1to traumatick\u00e1 udalos\u0165 <b>zlomila Byzantsk\u00fa r\u00ed\u0161u a viedla k vytvoreniu Latinskej r\u00ed\u0161e, \u010do drasticky zmenilo kult\u00farnu a politick\u00fa krajinu mesta.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Byzantsk\u00e1 r\u00ed\u0161a, ktor\u00e1 bola u\u017e len zlomok svojej predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej sl\u00e1vy bola&nbsp;<b>oslaben\u00e1 vn\u00fatorn\u00fdmi spormi a vonkaj\u0161\u00edmi hrozbami,&nbsp;<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/?p=488\" target=\"_blank\">a v roku 1453 padla do r\u00fak Osmanskej r\u00ed\u0161e<\/a><b>, <\/b>ktor\u00e1 bola veden\u00e1 <b>Fatihom Sultanom Mehmedom <\/b>a mesto Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopol bolo dobyt\u00e9.&nbsp;Mesto bolo p<b>remenovan\u00e9 na Istanbul a stalo sa hlavn\u00fdm mestom Osmanskej r\u00ed\u0161e<\/b>. To znamenalo koniec jednej \u00e9ry a za\u010diatok druhej, ke\u010f\u017ee architektonick\u00e9, kult\u00farne a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 dedi\u010dstvo Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopolu na\u010falej ovplyv\u0148ovalo osmansk\u00fd svet.<\/p>\n<p>Hoci <b>Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopol ako byzantsk\u00e9 hlavn\u00e9 mesto prestal existova\u0165, jeho dedi\u010dstvo pretrvalo.<\/b> Architektonick\u00e9 skvosty mesta, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 dedi\u010dstvo a kult\u00farny vplyv zanechali nezmazate\u013en\u00fa stopu v nasleduj\u00facich gener\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. <b>Hagia Sophia sa napr\u00edklad zmenila z katedr\u00e1ly na me\u0161itu,<\/b> \u010do odr\u00e1\u017ea zlo\u017eit\u00fa hist\u00f3riu mesta a konvergenciu r\u00f4znych kult\u00far.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-de01ba1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"de01ba1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-50c40f9\" data-id=\"50c40f9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a542580 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"a542580\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"instagram-media\" data-instgrm-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CvksUb-reOj\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" data-instgrm-version=\"14\" style=\" background:#FFF; border:0; border-radius:3px; box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width:540px; min-width:326px; padding:0; width:99.375%; width:-webkit-calc(100% - 2px); width:calc(100% - 2px);\"><div style=\"padding:16px;\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CvksUb-reOj\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" background:#FFFFFF; line-height:0; padding:0 0; text-align:center; text-decoration:none; width:100%;\" target=\"_blank\"> <div style=\" display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;\"> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding: 19% 0;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display:block; height:50px; margin:0 auto 12px; width:50px;\"><svg width=\"50px\" height=\"50px\" viewBox=\"0 0 60 60\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\"><g stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"1\" fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\"><g transform=\"translate(-511.000000, -20.000000)\" fill=\"#000000\"><g><path d=\"M556.869,30.41 C554.814,30.41 553.148,32.076 553.148,34.131 C553.148,36.186 554.814,37.852 556.869,37.852 C558.924,37.852 560.59,36.186 560.59,34.131 C560.59,32.076 558.924,30.41 556.869,30.41 M541,60.657 C535.114,60.657 530.342,55.887 530.342,50 C530.342,44.114 535.114,39.342 541,39.342 C546.887,39.342 551.658,44.114 551.658,50 C551.658,55.887 546.887,60.657 541,60.657 M541,33.886 C532.1,33.886 524.886,41.1 524.886,50 C524.886,58.899 532.1,66.113 541,66.113 C549.9,66.113 557.115,58.899 557.115,50 C557.115,41.1 549.9,33.886 541,33.886 M565.378,62.101 C565.244,65.022 564.756,66.606 564.346,67.663 C563.803,69.06 563.154,70.057 562.106,71.106 C561.058,72.155 560.06,72.803 558.662,73.347 C557.607,73.757 556.021,74.244 553.102,74.378 C549.944,74.521 548.997,74.552 541,74.552 C533.003,74.552 532.056,74.521 528.898,74.378 C525.979,74.244 524.393,73.757 523.338,73.347 C521.94,72.803 520.942,72.155 519.894,71.106 C518.846,70.057 518.197,69.06 517.654,67.663 C517.244,66.606 516.755,65.022 516.623,62.101 C516.479,58.943 516.448,57.996 516.448,50 C516.448,42.003 516.479,41.056 516.623,37.899 C516.755,34.978 517.244,33.391 517.654,32.338 C518.197,30.938 518.846,29.942 519.894,28.894 C520.942,27.846 521.94,27.196 523.338,26.654 C524.393,26.244 525.979,25.756 528.898,25.623 C532.057,25.479 533.004,25.448 541,25.448 C548.997,25.448 549.943,25.479 553.102,25.623 C556.021,25.756 557.607,26.244 558.662,26.654 C560.06,27.196 561.058,27.846 562.106,28.894 C563.154,29.942 563.803,30.938 564.346,32.338 C564.756,33.391 565.244,34.978 565.378,37.899 C565.522,41.056 565.552,42.003 565.552,50 C565.552,57.996 565.522,58.943 565.378,62.101 M570.82,37.631 C570.674,34.438 570.167,32.258 569.425,30.349 C568.659,28.377 567.633,26.702 565.965,25.035 C564.297,23.368 562.623,22.342 560.652,21.575 C558.743,20.834 556.562,20.326 553.369,20.18 C550.169,20.033 549.148,20 541,20 C532.853,20 531.831,20.033 528.631,20.18 C525.438,20.326 523.257,20.834 521.349,21.575 C519.376,22.342 517.703,23.368 516.035,25.035 C514.368,26.702 513.342,28.377 512.574,30.349 C511.834,32.258 511.326,34.438 511.181,37.631 C511.035,40.831 511,41.851 511,50 C511,58.147 511.035,59.17 511.181,62.369 C511.326,65.562 511.834,67.743 512.574,69.651 C513.342,71.625 514.368,73.296 516.035,74.965 C517.703,76.634 519.376,77.658 521.349,78.425 C523.257,79.167 525.438,79.673 528.631,79.82 C531.831,79.965 532.853,80.001 541,80.001 C549.148,80.001 550.169,79.965 553.369,79.82 C556.562,79.673 558.743,79.167 560.652,78.425 C562.623,77.658 564.297,76.634 565.965,74.965 C567.633,73.296 568.659,71.625 569.425,69.651 C570.167,67.743 570.674,65.562 570.82,62.369 C570.966,59.17 571,58.147 571,50 C571,41.851 570.966,40.831 570.82,37.631\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/g><\/svg><\/div><div style=\"padding-top: 8px;\"> <div style=\" color:#3897f0; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:550; line-height:18px;\">View this post on Instagram<\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding: 12.5% 0;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;\"><div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);\"><\/div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;\"><\/div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"margin-left: 8px;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg)\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"margin-left: auto;\"> <div style=\" width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);\"><\/div> <div style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);\"><\/div><\/div><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/a><p style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:8px; overflow:hidden; padding:8px 0 7px; text-align:center; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CvksUb-reOj\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; line-height:17px; text-decoration:none;\" target=\"_blank\">A post shared by Istanbul s Mi\u0161kou \ud83e\uddff (@istanbul_s_miskou)<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/blockquote> <script async src=\"\/\/www.instagram.com\/embed.js\"><\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-be0f6f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"be0f6f1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a56e433\" data-id=\"a56e433\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4694b87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4694b87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Pr\u00edbeh Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopolu je pr\u00edbehom o odolnosti, inov\u00e1ci\u00e1ch a kult\u00farnej v\u00fdmene.<\/b> Od jeho <b>skromn\u00fdch za\u010diatkov ako Byzancie a\u017e po vzostup ako r\u00edmskeho a nesk\u00f4r byzantsk\u00e9ho hlavn\u00e9ho mesta<\/b>, cesta Kon\u0161tant\u00ednopolu zah\u0155\u0148a v\u00ed\u0165azstv\u00e1 a tr\u00e1penia mesta, ktor\u00e9 premos\u0165ovalo kontinenty a civiliz\u00e1cie. Jeho <b>odkaz \u017eije v\u010faka architektonick\u00fdm z\u00e1zrakom, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9mu v\u00fdznamu a trval\u00e9mu vplyvu na svetov\u00e9 dejiny<\/b>, pri\u010dom sl\u00fa\u017ei ako d\u00f4kaz trvalej sily \u013eudsk\u00e9ho sna\u017eenia a s\u00fahry historick\u00fdch s\u00edl.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hist\u00f3ria Istanbulu, jedn\u00e9ho z najikonickej\u0161\u00edch miest \u013eudskej civiliz\u00e1cie, je fascinuj\u00facim pr\u00edbehom, ktor\u00fd steles\u0148uje triumfy, s\u00fa\u017eenia a premeny mesta. Mesto, ktor\u00e9 bolo\u00a0srdce troch ve\u013ek\u00fdch imp\u00e9ri\u00ed \u2013 V\u00fdchodor\u00edmskej r\u00ed\u0161e, R\u00edmskej r\u00ed\u0161e a Osmanskej r\u00ed\u0161e a jeho vznik znamenal zlom v priebehu dej\u00edn. Formoval osud stredomorsk\u00e9ho sveta a &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":993,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[12,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historia","category-istanbul","latest_post"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hist\u00f3ria Istanbulu - ako to v\u0161etko za\u010dalo? - Istanbul s Mi\u0161kou<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/istanbulsmiskou.sk\/?p=991\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hist\u00f3ria Istanbulu - ako to v\u0161etko za\u010dalo? - Istanbul s Mi\u0161kou\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hist\u00f3ria Istanbulu, jedn\u00e9ho z najikonickej\u0161\u00edch miest \u013eudskej civiliz\u00e1cie, je fascinuj\u00facim pr\u00edbehom, ktor\u00fd steles\u0148uje triumfy, s\u00fa\u017eenia a premeny mesta. 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